What Percentage Of Options Expire Worthless?
One of the persistent and pernicious myths regarding options is that 80% of all options expire worthless. The number belies the fact that most options get closed well before expiration and can create some misleading belief that selling premium is the only sure way to make money trading options.
We’ve all seen the marketing emails and promotional literature that tout 85% win rates and push the concept that selling options allows you to “become the house” in the great option casino analogy.
While I firmly agree that there are distinct advantages to being a net seller of premium, such as the tailwind of time decay, and a statistically higher probability of realizing a profit, I think those benefits need to be kept in perspective.
While it’s true that most professional traders prefer positions with a positive theta, it’s important to keep in mind they are usually actively hedging to maintain a non-directional delta neutral portfolio; meaning they must have time decay on their side if they are to make money.
But unfortunately the professionals approach, along with the myth that 80% of options expire worthless, has led many retail traders, especially newcomers, into the false belief that buying options or using debit strategies is for suckers only. In both cases, nothing could be further from the truth.
The reason the 80% myth persists is because only 10-20% of option contracts are exercised. But from there can we make the leap that 80% expire worthless?
If we did, we would be ignoring the 60%-65% of option contracts that are closed out prior to expiration. Remember, an option contract is only created when there is both a willing buyer and seller. During the course of any given expiration cycle the majority of contracts created (which at some point translates into current open interest) get closed.
This is done by both those who initiated the trade as a seller – they look to buy back and close positions at a lower price – and those that initiated positions as buyers and look to close by selling at a higher price. By the time any Friday expiration comes around, the majority remaining open positions are indeed out-of-the-money and left to expire worthless. But that doesn’t tell the whole story.
In the end, the options market is a closed system and a zero sum game and during the course of any expiration cycle those that initiated positions as buyers probably reap an equal amount of profit, or incur similar losses, as those that initiated trades as a seller or “collector” of premium.
The main difference is options sellers tend to have a higher win rate but a lower rate of return. Meaning buying options might not produce the same consistent profits but offers more attractive risk/reward profiles.
This is incredibly important for retail investors that want to trade options and the more efficient use capital that their leverage affords to make directional bets. The negative impact time decay on a debit position can be greatly reduced by buying options with 60 days or more until expiration or employing spreading strategies.
All told, maybe some 30%-35% of all option contracts created ultimately expire worthless. Not an insignificant amount but far from the “house” odds often touted for can’t miss income streams.
So don’t let the myth preclude you from taking advantage of trading options when the proper set up presents itself. You’ll be able to take profits well before they ever get close to expiring worthless.
Note: This article originally appeared at Option Sensei.
Category: Options Trading
